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Jackson Turbidity Unit (JTU) — The JTU is a measurement of the turbidity, or lack of transparency, of water. It is measured by lighting a candle under a cylindrical transparent glass tube and pouring a sample of water into the tube until an observer looking from the top of the tube cannot see the image of the candle flame. The number of JTU’s varies inversely and nonlinearily with the height of the sample (e.g., a sample which measures 2.3 cm has a turbidity of 1,000 JTU’s whereas a sample measuring 72.9 cm has a turbidity of 25 JTU’s).

Jar Test — A laboratory procedure that simulates a water treatment plant’s coagulation/flocculation units with differing chemical doses, mix speeds, and settling times to estimate the minimum or ideal coagulant dose required to achieve certain water quality goals.

Jet Stream — A high-speed, meandering wind current, generally moving from a westerly direction at speeds often exceeding 400 kilometers (250 miles) per hour at altitudes of 15 to 25 kilometers (10 to 15 miles). In the Western United States, the jet stream’s north-south latitudinal position largely determines the application and intensity of precipitation during the winter months when most rain and snowfall occur.

Junior (Water) Rights — A junior water rights holder is one who holds rights that are temporarily more recent than senior rights holders. All water rights are defined in relation to other users, and a water rights holder only acquires the right to use a specific quantity of water under specified conditions. Therefore, when limited water is available, junior rights are not met until all senior rights have been satisfied. See Prior Appropriation Doctrine.

Jurisdictional Wetland — An area that meets the criteria established by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (Corps or COE) for a Wetlands (as set forth in their Wetlands Delineation Manual). Such areas come under the jurisdiction of the Corps of Engineers for permitting certain actions such as dredge and fill operations. See Wetlands. [Also see Classification of Wetlands and Deepwater Habitats of the United States, U.S. Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS). Appendix D–2 presents a summarization of this Wetland and Deepwater Habitat Classification System based upon USFWS criteria.]

Juvenile Water — Water brought to the surface or added to underground supplies from magma.